The development of light steel villas around the world
Germany
Germany's prefabricated housing mainly adopts composite board, concrete, shear wall structure system, the use of component assembly and concrete structure, durability is good. Germany is the country with the fastest reduction of building energy consumption in the world. In recent years, it has proposed to develop passive buildings with zero energy consumption. Germany's prefabricated homes are well integrated with energy efficiency standards.
● Newly built villas and other buildings are basically fully assembled steel (wood) structure.
● Strong prefabricated construction industry chain.
● Universities, research institutions and enterprises to provide technical support for r&d.
● Construction, structure, water, heating and electricity cooperation.
● Close cooperation between construction enterprises and mechanical equipment suppliers.
● Advanced mechanical equipment, materials and logistics, get rid of the fixed module size limit.
The Swedish
Sweden has adopted the assembly technology system of large precast concrete panels, and the standardization of assembly building parts has been gradually incorporated into Swedish industrial standards. The Swedish government encourages government funding for construction products built using structural components manufactured according to the Construction standards of the National Standards Institute.
Assembly wood structure industry chain and its integrity and developed.
● Development history of hundreds of years, covering low, multi-layer, even high-rise.
● 90% of the houses are timber-framed.
Japan
Japan put forward the concept of prefabricated housing in 1968. In 1990, it introduced the production system of middle and high-rise residential buildings, which adopts parts and industrial production mode, high production efficiency, variable internal structure of residential buildings, and ADAPTS to different needs of residents. In the process of promoting the structural adjustment of scale and industrialization, the housing industry has experienced the continuous evolution and improvement from standardization, diversification, industrialization to intensification and informationization.
The strong intervention and support of the Japanese government played an important role in the development of the housing industry: legislation was passed to ensure the quality of precast concrete structures; Persisting in technological innovation, it has formulated a series of guidelines and policies for the industrialization of housing construction, established a unified module standard, and solved the contradiction between standardization, mass production and housing diversification.
● Multi-storey congregated residence is mainly reinforced concrete frame (PCA technology).
● High factory level, integrated decoration, thermal insulation doors and Windows, etc.
● Legislation to ensure the quality of concrete components.
● High seismic intensity, assembled concrete shock absorption and isolation technology.
The French
France is one of the earliest countries in the world to implement prefabricated building, which is characterized by prefabricated concrete structure as the main structure, steel structure and wood structure as the auxiliary. The assembly type residence of France uses frame or plate column system more, welding, bolt connection all uses dry method to work, structural component and equipment, decorate project is separated, reduce embedded, production and construction quality is high. Prestressed concrete assembly frame structure system mainly used in France, the assembly rate can reach 80%.
From 1959 to 1970, it became a system in the 1980s.
● Most of them are precast concrete.
● Structure system, size modularization, component standardization.
● A small amount of steel and wood construction.
● Assembly links mostly use welding and bolt links.
Singapore
Singapore is recognized in the world as a country with a good solution to housing problems, among which the housing policy and the concept of prefabricated housing development promote its industrial construction method widely.
Singapore has developed 15 - to 30-story prefabricated units, accounting for more than 80 percent of the country's total housing stock. Through the layout of the plane, the size of the parts and the repetition of the installation node to achieve standardization, design as the core, the design and construction process of industrialization, matching and integration between each other, assembly rate reached 70%.
● 80% of housing is built by the government, 20 years of rapid construction.
● Mandatory assembly of HDB projects, 70% of the assembly rate.
● Most of them are tower or slab concrete high-rise buildings.
● Prefabricated construction technology is mainly used in HDB construction.
The United States
Prefabricated homes were popular in the United States in the 1970s. In 1976, the United States national Industrial Housing Construction and Safety Act was promulgated, a series of strict industry standards have been used today. Prefabricated homes now focus more on beauty, comfort and individuality.
In 2001, there were 10 million prefabricated homes, or 7 percent of all U.S. homes, according to the Industrial Housing Association.
The standardization, serialization, specialization, commercialization and socialization of components and parts used in American housing are very high, almost reaching 100%.
● Steel-wood structure villa, steel structure apartment.
● A complete range of building materials products and parts.
● High level of universalization of components, commercial supply.
BL quality certification system.
● Parts parts quality assurance period.
China
China's prefabricated building market is still in the initial stage, the domestic related technology and talent are relatively scarce, to solve the personnel, technology, management, engineering experience and other software gap. All parts of the country are basically concentrated in the field of housing industrialization, especially in the small area of indemnification housing, where the initial investment is large and the production scale is small, and it cannot compete with the traditional cast-in-place structure market in the short term.
With developed countries and industry related development target and policy guidance, facing across the country to the modern construction industry development and the urgent need of transformation and upgrading of our country developed more than 20 provinces and cities to support related to construction industry development policy, vigorously promote the industrialization base and the pilot demonstration project construction, and believe that with the improvement of technology, the progress of the management level, Prefabricated building will have a broad market and space.
After more than 30 years of silence, it has emerged again in China.
● It is still in its infancy.
● Major national, industrial and local standards and specifications have been basically compiled and promulgated.
● To meet the needs of modernization, transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.
Britain
The British government is actively leading the development of prefabricated buildings. It is clearly proposed that the construction production field in The UK needs to achieve the specific target of "reducing cost by 10%, shortening time by 10%, reducing defect rate by 20%, reducing accident rate by 20%, increasing labor productivity by 10%, and finally increasing output profit rate by 10%" through new product development, intensive organization and industrial production. The government has issued a series of encouraging policies and measures to vigorously promote green and energy-saving buildings and promote the transformation of the industry to a new construction mode with strict requirements on building quality and performance.
The development of prefabricated building in Britain requires close cooperation between government departments and industry associations to improve the technical system and standard system and promote the practice of prefabricated building projects. According to the professional skills requirements of the assembly construction industry, the UK has established a professional level and skill recognition system to promote the formation of talent teams in the whole industry chain.
● More than 70% of new modular buildings.
● Design, manufacture and supply of complete set of technology and effective supply chain management.
● Anglian plays a key role.
